高膽固醇

高膽固醇

「心」入了解，你的心血管疾病
高膽固醇是肝臟 產生的臘狀物質
高膽固醇是什麼？
膽固醇是自然存在的脂肪物質，也是製造細胞和某些荷爾蒙的重要原素，因此，人體需要一定份量的膽固醇才能保持健康。膽固醇在體內以不同形態存在和輸送：高密度脂蛋白膽固醇(HDL cholesterol)和低密度脂蛋白膽固醇(LDL cholesterol)。低密度脂蛋白膽固醇，即「壞」膽固醇過量的話，壞膽固醇會聚積在血管，對健康有害，並會引起如心臟病發作及中風等嚴重病症；高密度脂蛋白膽固醇，即「好」膽固醇則能幫助維持「壞」膽固醇水平。1 「好」膽固醇負責將膽固醇運送回肝臟，避免聚積在血管。2  
怎麼知道是否患病？
所有20歲或以上人士都應該每五年作一次膽固醇的血液測試，監察自己血液中的膽固醇水平及其他脂肪物質如三脂甘油酸的含量。3
跟據美國國家膽固醇教育計劃(National Cholesterol Education Program, 簡稱NCEP) – Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III)，成年人的標準膽固醇水平是：3,4
總膽固醇值 (TC) mmol/L 「壞」膽固醇水平 (LDL-C) mmol/L 「好」膽固醇水平 (HDL-C) mmol/L 三脂甘油酸水平 (TG) mmol/L
理想水平 < 5.2 ≤ 3.3 ≥ 1.6 <1.7
邊緣高水平 5.2 – 6.2 3.4 – 4.1 – 1.7 – 2.2
危險水平 ≥ 6.2 ≥ 4.1 < 1.0 ≥ 2.3
家族性高膽固醇血症 (Familial Hypercholesterolemia)
部分患有高膽固醇的人士，是家族性高膽固醇血症的患者。因其基因缺陷，無法清除本身的低密度脂蛋白膽固醇，並會由巨噬細胞所吸收，轉變為泡沫細胞，堆積在血管中，增加早期患心血管疾病的機會。5
而研究顯示，大部分國家超過九成人未能在患病初期發現及接受治療。6 如置諸不理，有一半男性患者在50歲前會心臟病發，而三成女性患者會在60歲前心臟病發。7如父母患有家族性高膽固醇血症，遺傳給子女的機會高達五成。8 家族性高膽固醇血症可透過改善生活習慣及服藥控制病情。

診斷高膽固醇

診斷及自我檢查

高膽固醇徵狀 如體內的膽固醇超標，是沒有徵狀顯示的。9 正因如此，常會造成延誤治療。維持良好健康飲食及生活習慣，定期身體檢查尤其重要。


高膽固醇微狀

什麼時候需要檢查血脂？

膽固醇測試
 
 

了解治療方案

高膽固醇治療方案

研究發現

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良好的生活習慣應從小養成，美國心臟協會期刊載 Duke Clinical Research Institute 的研究報告，指出若 35 至 55歲時的膽固醇水平偏高，對心血管健康將會有長遠的影響，增加日後患心臟病的機會達 39%。14

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雞蛋對壞膽固醇水平的影響其實有限。現在醫學界都不再建議每人每日應吃多少顆雞蛋，不過，仍然建議患有家族性高膽固醇血症的人限制膳食膽固醇攝入量 – 每週不超過三或四個雞蛋。15

+
高膽固醇徵狀
如體內的膽固醇超標，是沒有徵狀顯示的。9 正因如此，常會 造成延誤治療。維持良好健康飲食及生活習慣，定期身體檢查尤其重要。
醫生提提您
小貼士/錦囊
'' 接受適當藥物治療
'' 一星期五天，持續每天做30分鐘帶氧運動，保持心境開朗。
'' 維持理想膽固醇指數

咨詢醫生

參考：

  1. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NIH Publication No. 05-3290, 2005. Accessed on 02-12-2022.
  2. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. High Density Lipoprotein Structure- Function and Role in Reverse Cholesterol Transport. PMC3215094. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3215094/ Accessed on 02-12-2022.
  3. American Medical Association. Executive Summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adults Treatment Panel III). Available at www.columbia.edu/itc/hs/medical/nutrition/guide/exec_summary_chol.pdf Accessed on 02-12-2022.
  4. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. National Institutes of Health. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. NIH Publication No. 01-3305, 2001. Available at https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/all-publications-and-resources/atp-iii-glance-quick-desk-reference Accessed on 02-12-2022.
  5. 藥學雜誌 電子報127冊. 罕病用藥 Available at http://jtp.taiwan-pharma.org.tw/127/014.html Accessed on 02-12-2022.
  6. U.S. National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health. Familial hypercholesterolaemia is underdiagnosed and undertreated in the general population: guidance for clinicians to prevent coronary heart disease. PMC3844152 Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3844152/ Accessed on 05-12-2022.
  7. Heart UK The Cholesterol Charity. Systematically Identifying Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in primary care. An Audit Within The Medway Clinical Commissioning Group, 2015. Available at https://www.heartuk.org.uk/downloads/health-professionals/identifying-fh-in-primary-care.pdf Accessed on 02-12-2022.
  8. The FH Foundation. About FH. Available at https://thefhfoundation.org/familial-hypercholesterolemia/tools-and-resources/faq Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  9. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Cholesterol. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/cholesterol/ Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  10. Mayo Clinic. High Cholesterol. Available at https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/symptoms-causes/syc-20350800 Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  11. 香港衛生署 , 口服降膽固醇藥物 Available at https://www.drugoffice.gov.hk/eps/do/tc/consumer/news_informations/dm_05.html#c Accessed on  06-12-2022.
  12. Healthychildren.org. Healthy Living. Cholesterol Levels in Children and Adolescents. Available at https://www.healthychildren.org/English/healthy-living/nutrition/Pages/Cholesterol-Levels-in-Children-and-Adolescents.aspx Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  13. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, American College of Cardiology Foundation, and American Heart Association. NCEP Report. Implications of Recent Clinical Trials for the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III Guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227-239. Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  14. ScienceDaily. High cholesterol in 30s, 40s, increases later risk of heart disease. Available at https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2015/01/150126161730.htm Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  15. British Heart Foundation. Eggs and cholesterol. Available at https://www.bhf.org.uk/what-we-do/news-from-the-bhf/news-archive/2015/may/eggs-and-cholesterol Accessed on 06-12-2022.
  16. American Heart Association. The Skinny on Fats. Available at https://www.heart.org/en/health-topics/cholesterol/prevention-and-treatment-of-high-cholesterol-hyperlipidemia/the-skinny-on-fats#.WAhDRHIcQdU Accessed on 07-12-2022.

HK-11784 06/05/2025