幽門螺旋桿菌
一種常見的腸胃感染



診斷及自我檢查
受幽門螺旋桿菌影響的人數眾多,而此種感染亦與許多腸胃疾病有密切關係,及早診治並接受殺菌治療,對改善患者的生活質素,有極大裨益。根據美國疾病控制及預防中心(CDC)的建議,患有胃潰瘍或十二指腸潰瘍的人士,或曾經有潰瘍病史的人,應該接受幽門螺旋桿菌的檢驗。若果驗出帶菌,便應該接受治療。而接受切除手術的早期胃癌患者,或胃黏膜相關淋巴癌患者,都應該檢驗及治療幽門螺旋桿菌12 。 由感染幽門螺旋桿菌演變為胃潰瘍,過程相當漫長,而且帶菌者亦不一定會患上胃潰瘍。大部分受到幽門螺旋桿菌感染的人士都沒有徵狀或身體不適,因而令他們不知道自己受到感染8。然而,若不盡快加以治療,久而久之,幽門螺旋桿菌會一直傷害胃部,引致輕微甚至嚴重的後遺症,例如埋下胃癌的風險13。
了解治療方案
幽門螺旋桿菌治療方案
如果你患上的胃潰瘍,是由幽門螺旋桿菌引起,你需要接受治療,以殺滅幽門螺旋桿菌及療癒受傷的胃部或腸道黏膜。通常接受一至兩星期的藥物治療後,病情便會有所改善16

抗生素
用作殺滅幽門螺旋桿菌,療程一般最少需要一至兩星期,並可能要同時使用兩種抗生素16。而通常會兩種抗生素同用,以免細菌對其中一種抗生素出現抗藥性14。

質子泵抑制劑14
主要用作抑制胃酸分泌,是治療潰瘍的常用藥物。

H2 受體阻劑制14
用作干擾一種刺激製造胃酸的組織胺的分泌。

水楊酸鉍16
與抗生素同用,能殺滅幽門螺旋桿菌。
一般而言,若果治療幽門螺旋桿菌需要使用不同種類的藥物,通常包括兩種抗生素及一種抗胃酸藥,如質子泵抑制劑(PPI)。
其中有研究顯示,若使用以質子泵抑制劑為首要的藥物組合,治療幽門螺旋桿菌,能根治幽門螺旋桿菌問題的患者可達至90%17。 每年平均只有大約1%患者有幽門螺旋桿菌復發機會18。


參考:
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HK-11787 06/05/2025